A Casy Study_PTII Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

A Casy Study_PTII - Case Study Example The strategies to use for gathering compelling information by and large comprise of procedures like polls intended for taking meetings, perception rehearses and different estimates like reviews. Anyway the strategies like perception and reviews are taken to be inconspicuous in nature and in this way don't require the scientist to go for an inside and out investigation of the examination question. Unexpectedly, the utilization of meeting procedure dependent on improvement of a survey causes the analyst to increase expected deductions to the exploration question. Accordingly for the exploration question under view it is attainable to join the meeting technique than other information assortment strategies (Cummings and Worley, 2008, p.123). Utilization of open and close finished inquiries in the meeting would empower the specialist to get compelling perspectives and criticisms of the respondents to the exploration question. Utilizing composed archive alongside a top to bottom meetings the scientists will be capable gather data of the marvels. By perusing it cautiously analyst will in general drive the pith of understanding by leading meetings with the people who have just encountered the marvel. Meetings to be directed for the examination are of basically three sorts, unstructured meeting, semi organized meeting and center gathering meeting. In unstructured meeting, the inquiries are not set ahead of time so the stream isn't constrained with certain arrangement of inquiries. When the meeting is in progress, the questioner may pose inquiry to explain his contemplations, for example, â€Å"tell me what you implied by† or â€Å"please state more about†. In semi organized meeting, the questioner pre plans not many of the general inquiries to be posed. This sort of inquiry commonly starts with set of controlling inquiries which address critical part of the examination subject. Open finished inquiries are utilized to manage the meeting and offers some structure and simultaneously endeavors to keep up

The GDP Term Essay Example for Free

The GDP Term Essay Gross domestic product should represent Grossly Deceptive Product† The Economist What does GDP really quantify? While examining about the economy of one nation, individuals frequently talk about â€Å"Gross Domestic Product (GDP). In any case, there are various contradictions among financial specialist about the estimation of GDP. Subsequently, this article will talk about whether GDP is a perfect estimation of the improvement of a country. It initially investigates the term GDP and approaches to quantify it. The exposition at that point contrasts GDP and Gross National Product (GNP) and Human Development Index (HDI). As indicated by Mankiw (2011), the estimation of every single last great and administrations in the market delivered inside a nation in a given time length is characterized as GDP. Through this definition, there is just one proportion of all the estimation of the monetary exercises for a scope of items, and the two products and ventures are remembered for GDP at their reasonable worth. By and by, contrasting the estimation of one item with the other isn't in every case simple, for instance it is hard to state if an orange is more important than an apple as various buyers esteem a decent in an unexpected way. It is imperative to have measures to separate the estimation of various products and ventures. Henceforth, the market cost was acquainted all together with distinguish the volume of clients who can buy specific items. To gauge GDP by utilizing the market esteem assists with remembering a wide scope of products for the market. Not exclusively are regular things, for example, food, garments and other living need yet in addition the lodging administrations remembered for the market esteem. By estimating GDP along these lines, numerous business exercises like market rental lodging mirror the market esteem and become pointers of the market. In addition, volume of proprietor involved lodging can be utilized to quantify the market rental estimation of a nation. All things considered, as per Abel et al (2008), in spite of the fact that this estimation of GDP incorporates various merchandise and ventures, it despite everything doesn't cover a few items like which are exchanged casual markets. It is perfect that the entirety of the products and enterprises leaving in the market are reflected through GDP. Be that as it may, by and large estimating the estimation of various products and ventures in non-showcase and illicit markets is inconceivable, this makes estimating GDP increasingly troublesome. For example, despite the fact that the vegetables purchasers purchase in general stores are remembered for GDP, the ones that ranchers develop in their nurseries are not included in GDP. In addition, clearly the exchange of illicit medications and different items isn't included in GDP. Likewise, assembling and exchanging products and enterprises frequently identify with the effect in nature. Be that as it may, the advantages of clean air and common water are not exchanged the market; and GDP doesn't reflect activities to decrease contamination or improve natural quality. There are three principle techniques for estimating GDP, to be specific item approach, use approach and pay approach. As indicated by Tucker (2011) the item approach depends on esteem included idea; it estimates monetary movement by adding the worth included by all makers. In this item approach, the market estimation of the products and enterprises exchanged the market are remembered for the monetary exercises. By the by, the worth which is delivered and spent in the middle of the road phase of the production procedure is rejected. The subsequent methodology depends on consumption, it consider GDP from an alternate point by remembering use for national pay account. Gross domestic product is estimated as the absolute spending of conclusive items inside a country during a specific timeframe. The spending is classes into four sorts, which added to get the GDP (Y), they are utilization (C), speculation (I), government acquisition of merchandise and ventures (G), and net fares of products and enterprises, demonstrating the distinction among fare and import (NX= X-M). Along these lines, GDP by use approach is detailed as follow: Y= C+ I + G+ NX (Brezina, 2012). The third strategy estimating GDP is the salary approach, which considers the pay picked up by makers, for example, benefits and assessments paid. There are eight sorts of national earnings, which are: * Compensation of representatives comprises of workers’ earnings including pay rates, compensation, annuity plans or different advantages organizations convey to their workers * Income of Proprietors incorporates capital salary and work wages of the non-joined independently employed. * People’s Rental pay: individuals who have grounds, structures or properties can lease them out and get a measure of cash; this is called rental salary. * Corporate Profits: this is the measure of cash earned by organizations through their business exercises. Corporate benefits are the consequences of corporate income after rents, wages and costs reasonings. * Net pay: is the salary of people earned from their organizations or paid by organizations or different sources after assessment finding or premium paid. * Taxes on creation and imports: this incorporates roundabout business charges * Business current exchange installments (net): these are installments which governments or people get from organizations as altruistic gifts from protection installments or interpretation. It ought to be notice that these installments are not made good on for duties, wages or administration charges. * Current overflow of government undertakings: these are businesses’ benefits possessed by government including power, water, open transportations, etc. There are three principle ideas of GDP, to be specific ostensible GDP, genuine GDP and GDP deflator. Exhaust (2011) characterizes â€Å"The ostensible GDP implies that the estimation of every single last great which dependent on the costs existing during the timeframe of production†. It is known as present dollar or cash GDP and it increments in three unique manners. Right off the bat, it increments when yield rises while costs stay unaltered. Ostensible GDP likewise develops when costs increment while the yield is consistent. The last way which is found in the ordinary case, is that both of yield and value rise. A significant differentiation among ostensible and genuine GDP is to quantify the holes between changes in yield and the value level which identify with showcasing. At the point when the present dollar GDP of a nation increments essentially, it is conceivable that its creations have amplified uniquely. By and by, it is most likely that swelling is expanding, so the costs of products and enterprises develop as needs be. With respect to the genuine GDP, the estimation of every single last item creation dependent on the current costs in a given year. The genuine GDP which is estimated in the wake of taking swelling in to account is otherwise called consistent dollar GDP. A value list used to quantify the general degree of costs of products and enterprises remembered for GDP is characterized as the GDP deflator, which is figured as: GDP deflator = (Nominal GDP/Real GDP) x 100. It is a proportion of the normal degree of costs for some predetermined arrangement of items, proportionate to the costs in a predefined based year. Thus, the decision of base year chooses the estimation of genuine GDP and the GDP deflator. What's more, Brakman et al (2006) proposes the strategy to compute the genuine GDP by the utilization of the affixed volume proportion of GDP and to take a normal of the variety in cost. Another approach to gauge the status of a national economy is through Gross National Product (GNP) and numerous legislatures use it as a standard to quantify their economy. Brakman et al 2006 characterizes GNP as â€Å"the showcase estimation of the merchandise and ventures, which delivered by work and property of occupants of a country†. GNP and GDP are diverse in that they treat yield created by capital and works having work exterior its nation of origin in an unexpected way (Abel et al 2008). While the previous considers the market estimation of definite merchandise recently delivered by local components of creation during the present time frame, the last just incorporates creation delivered inside a nation. To show, a Chinese specialist working in the US, on one hand his administrations are a piece of American GDP, then again they add to China GNP. What's more, other than work benefits, the distinction among GNP and GDP additionally hold for some elements of creation like capital. The separation between them is determined as in the recipe: GDP= GNP-NFP. Abel et al alluded NFP as â€Å"net factor installments from abroad, which to be pay paid to residential variables of creation by the remainder of the world less pay paid to outside elements of creation by household economy†. Nonetheless, actually the estimation of GDP is like that of GNP. For instance, British GDP was just 0.2% lower than its GNP, $ 1415 billion contrasted and $ 1417 billion. That is a motivation behind why just two nations out of thirty six having a salary level of over $ 100 billion separate GDP and GNP. Despite the fact that the contention whether GNP or GDP is a perfect estimation of national advancement is begging to be proven wrong, both of the measures despite everything can't cover numerous different parts of the national economy. There are various disadvantages brought up. For example, it is hard to set up the best models to gauge way of life, nature of products and ventures gave the economy exercises in shadow economy, government assistance issues, pay imbalance and the negative externality issue (Brezina, 2012). Subsequently, it is conceivable that in a nation with high GDP only one out of every odd individuals live in elevated requirement or advantage structure that high GDP. With respect to the instance of China, the China GDP exhibits around equivalent market an incentive to that in the United Kingdom. By the by, China GDP per capita as per current costs is multiple times lower than that of the UK, showing a generally colossal hole in GDP per capita between the two countries. In like manner, Australia and India have a similar circumstance as that among China and the UK. Both of these nations have almost a similar degree of GDP; then again, GDP per capital of Australia is multiple times more prominent than that of India. Regarding PPP, the

Snapchats Updates Causing Controversy Essays -

Dr. Cottrill ENG-101 25 March 2015 Snapchats Updates Causing Controversy The New Snapchat Update is quickly ascending as the #1 most utilized application. It has caused a rave among every one of its clients this year. Snap Chat engineers have changed on what we expect on versatile applications. It has fabricated such a great amount of prominence with adolescents and youthful grown-ups, most are stating its the most sizzling Social systems administration instrument since the arrival of big time applications like Twitter in 2008. Snapchat has given all media distributers another standard to pass by. I state this in light of the fact that, most applications and interpersonal organizations dont have or arent fit for what Snap Chat can now do. They have risen the bar. Some may even say set new desires maybe. How, you inquire? They did it with extraordinary advancement and savvy business moves causing Snap Chat to get some supportive, take a break increases to their application. These 5 updates were added to Snap Chat in the previous two months and might make S nap Chat the #1 utilized application sooner or later. The main update they did was the expansion of Discover. The Discover slide is a day by day update with a chosen few of the most famous TV arrange channels. Telecom company stations, for example, VICE, CNN, ESPN, People, Warners Music, Food Network, and substantially more. This immediately got well known to everybody who uses Snap Chat or watches those TV channels. With this, snapchat has brought such a great amount of importance to the term App in such brief timeframe. It flabbergasts me how creative and productive this application is turning out to be while different applications are at a halt. Clearly, Im by all account not the only one who is dazzled with Snapchat. Finds UI is fiendishly cunning. Simply open the menu, pick one of twelve channels, and peruse vivified story mysteries from that channel The following day, you get an altogether unique arrangement of stories. Its a decent vehicle for perusing while youre on the transport, in the washroom, or sitting tight for somebody a t an eatery. Also, in any event for the present, the channels are investing a ton of energy into making their accounts outwardly engaging. Most post five or so stories for every day, however Ive seen upwards of fifteen. (Roose standard. 5). Snap Chat realizes America is continually in a hurry. Individuals are continually tearing and running now a days. Nobody has the opportunity to plunk down and watch their preferred TV channels any longer. Thus, Snap Chat has figured out how to propel their #1 utilized application crusade by giving the bustling individuals of America an approach to remain refreshed and aware of everything with their preferred TV arrange channels. Im not talking like all reports or something either. They additionally give you day by day recordings that heap immediately. Which on the off chance that you approach me is ideal for individuals who dont have the opportunity to go out their approach to see something that they may really need to see. Im an observer to this update making my life that vastly improved by being there when I required it. Its so helpful and advantageous that its hard not to consistently utilize this application. I mean yea, on twitter you got recordings now and you can follow your preferred TV channels pages yet they dont show day by day refreshed recordings each and every day like Snap Chat does. And still, after all that Instagram isnt giving you every day refreshes. Instagram would give you to a greater extent a week after week update. Futile extremely, except if you not enormous on staying aware of society. Somebody like me who is continually occupied and has something to do acknowledges an every day update on 11 TV arrange channels that are so natural to get to. Im continually searching for a day by day news update on whats going on the planet. I simply must be aware of everything of things. Likewise, with the assortment of channels to look over, snapchat bids to such a wide crowd of individuals who watch those TV cha nnels, yet in addition have employments. I recollect when I originally got this update I was in the nourishment corridor plunking down conversing with certain companions. At the point when I was appeared by another companion who refreshed before me I couldnt trust it. Each high schooler in that nourishment lobby was

The Unsympathetic Cheryl Strayed - Literature Essay Samples

Cheryl Strayed is an unsympathetic character but a lovable person; this is not a contradictory statement. In her memoir Wild, she stars as a grief-stricken yet naà ¯ve young woman, making her the main (and unsympathetic) character of this story. In her podcasts, on the other hand, it is easier to get a sense of who she is as an actual person, and in this context she is lovable, honest, and down-to-earth. It was at first odd that her depiction of herself in her memoir differed so greatly from how she presented herself in her Dear Sugar podcasts. However, after closer inspection, it made sense that the persona in Wild was indeed not the same as the one in Dear Sugar. Not only was Cheryl a static character in Wild, but she also constantly complained despite being in a much more privileged position than she thought. She made life difficult for herself, then proceeded to focus solely on the pains she inflicted on herself during the trip, leaving little time to think about the grievances that pushed her to take this hike in the first place. Despite these factors, the justifications and the admission of her mistakes on her podcast Dear Sugar allow for her to become a more relatable person. It often seems as though Cheryl Strayed in Wild is a fictional character, a separate entity from her true self. One explanation for this feature is that she is completely static throughout the entire novel. While it is true that â€Å"something inside of [her] released† at the very end of the novel, up until that point there wasn’t really much emotional development (Strayed 306). She was still mostly focusing on her physical pain (her blisters) and being alone in nature, just as she was at the beginning of the memoir. Throughout the entire book, she brings up the same topics repetitively, with little to no progress and absolutely no development, or at least until the very end when she feels wilder as a result of her experience. On the other hand, in Dear Sugar, she is much more multifaceted. Though the book and podcasts are different means through which she can express different ideas, there were definitely many opportunities in the book in which she could have discusse d her infidelity or her drug-taking a little more in-depth, as she did on â€Å"The Infidelity Episodes† in the podcast. On one of the â€Å"The Infidelity Episodes,† Strayed talks at length about how we expect to find a companion, a lover, a best friend, a supporter in our spouses, and how more often than not all these roles cannot be fulfilled by just one person. This is a reason some people go outside of the marriage seeking to satiate their desires that their partners cannot. If she had included this point at the end of her memoir, it would have added considerably to her character development as well as the readers’ relationship with her. Additionally, while many have claimed that Strayed’s work is radical and helps make the case for promoting underprivileged people connect with nature, a lot of what Strayed writes about fails to mention the privilege that she does have. While she mentions how dangerous it is for a woman to be on the road by herself, it does seem that she benefits from being a white, able-bodied female on this type of trail, as many people are more than willing to help her out (which may not be the case for a person of color or a disabled person). More than that, she is privileged in that she does not have any responsibilities (like kids to take care of), so much so that she is able to give up three months of her life and cut herself off from her old life. So, while it is not necessarily accurate to call it â€Å"bourgeois travel pornography† as Strayed came from a poor background, it definitely does not represent all underprivileged peoples and their experiences. Perhaps it is this assu mption that she is underprivileged that makes her such an unsympathetic character. Cheryl Strayed ultimately portrays herself in a very unsympathetic way that does not reflect how she is in her podcasts. She is unchanged throughout most of the book, making the narrative more focused on the superficial aspects around her rather than an emotional development. She also doesn’t explicitly deal with the issue of privilege, which is problematic when she is venerated for having experienced this despite her lack of privilege. While she is underprivileged in a sense, not acknowledging her privilege in other forms is simplifying this problem and allows her to falsely represent other underprivileged groups. The concept of her story is indeed inspiring, but the execution of it was unsatisfactory.

The Career Of A Computer Engineer - 1856 Words

â€Å"All you need in this life is ignorance and confidence; then success is sure.†- Mark Twain. The career of a computer engineer is fast paced and full of creativity, this will allow you to meet and work with different people with different ideas but the same drive as you do in your career. You also have the chance to create new technology with your own two hands, and be one of the leaders of new technological discoveries. Your creations could possibly develop into companies like Apple or Google or even build something the world depends on. It just depends on your hard work, creativity, and your quickness to react to something and adapt to fit the changes. What can I say i like computers, and the owner of Google was already taken. Before the 20th century there was a little or almost no electronics in the day to day life of a common man. So, we should start from the very beginning of electrical engineering, which is regarded as the parent of electronics. The formal beginning of electrical engineering goes back to 18th century when Franklin gave the explanation to the cause of thunder and lighting.Though the concept of charge was there before Coulomb there was no formal mathematical theory to explain the concept. So Coulomb’s theory was regarded as the first mathematical expression that defined the electrical charge in a well defined manner. He also invented the torsion balance and that helped him to calculate the force of interaction between the electrical charges, which isShow MoreRelatedComputer Engineer as a Career1193 Words   |  5 Pagesfield of computer engineering is a growing technological field for which there is a constant demand is presented. The different steps needed to begin a career in the IT field such as educational requirements are discussed. The different rewarding benefits of the career are presented. The paper concludes by sharing what I look forward to accomplishing my career as a computer engineer. Proposal For my presentation I will be proposing the benefits of choosing a career as a Read MoreCareer Research : Computer Hardware Engineer1113 Words   |  5 PagesCherry Honors English III Mrs.Freedman 9/26/14 Career Research Test Project Career 1: Computer Hardware Engineer Salary Range 63,970 - 150,130 (â€Å"Computer Hardware Engineers†). Skills In order for one to obtain this job they would need the following skills, problem-solving, speaking, and critical-thinking skills (â€Å"Computer Hardware Engineers†). Personality traits: Personality traits needed in order to become a computer hardware engineer; one must be detail-oriented, persistent, andRead MoreCareer Paper: Computer Hardware Engineer1830 Words   |  7 Pagesout there today. Computer engineering is a job that is constantly leading to the development of new technology, which is always changing as the years go. by (â€Å"Electrical† para. 1). Computer hardware engineers much research, design, develop, and test computer systems (â€Å"Computer†... U.S. para. 1). Also, they could improve processes, circuit boards, memory devices, networks, and routers (â€Å"Computer†... U.S. para. 1). The skills that are needed to be a computer hardware engineer are complex problemRead MoreBehind The Scenes Of Technology1463 Words   |  6 Pageshave a smartphone or a tablet or a laptop or maybe a computer, but do they know how their phone or computer actually works? To most people, you just type away or press a button and then it magically does whatever you want it to do. However, there is more going on in a computer or a phone than just the simplicity of pressing a button. Better yet, who actually makes all this stuff? Who makes a computer or phone? Who designs these things? Who engineers all these technological appliances that so many peopleRead MoreEssay on Computer Hardware Engineering1442 Words   |  6 Pagespowerful. 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The machines and all of the tools used we designed and made with technology. Computer engineers are working every day to make technology better. ComputerRead MoreThe Field Of Computer Engineering1347 Words   |  6 PagesConstantly growing and consistently in high demand, careers in STEM (an acronym for science, technology, engineering, and mathematics) are attractive for many prospective students. My own personal interest lies in the field of computer engineering, which is categorized as a STEM career and reaps the benefits of such a classification. The field of computer engineering requires relatively modest education, but still rewards employees with a com fortable life, numerous benefits, and personal fulfillmentRead MoreComputer Engineering : Becoming A Computer Engineer1386 Words   |  6 PagesComputer Engineering Computer engineering is a very extensive, challenging career. To become a computer engineer you need years of experience and college education. Many people think this career is easy and good paying, but is not that easy, excessive amount of knowledge is needed to become a top class engineer in this field, but that doesn’t mean it is an impossible task. One must understand that computer engineering is a challenge since before one begins studying it. With that kept in mind anRead MoreEssay on Comparing Two Engineering Careers: Electrical and Computer1435 Words   |  6 PagesWater Systems December 12, 2012 To: Michael Re: COMPARING TWO ENGINEERING CAREERS: ELECTRICAL AND COMPUTER. Dear Michael, Hi Michael, attached is the report you asked for on â€Å"COMPARING TWO ENGINEERING CAREERS: ELECTRICAL AND COMPUTER.† This report compares two career options for a fellow employee: Electrical Engineer and Computer Engineer. These two potential career choices are based on your past career path and future goals. 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Sociological Foundation of Education - 1734 Words

A short paper on Sociological Foundation of Education -By Gopi Chandra Upreti M. Phil. Development Studies, KUSOED Kathmandu, Nepal. Introduction Education is a process of learning. It is a kind of method to get knowledge in human life. As John Dewey said education ‘brings out all capabilities’ of human beings. It helps us to live our life independently. Accordingly, Socrates said that education has taken out our ideas from ‘innate capabilities’ so that we can know everything of the world. Education has certain functions as we observe its nature. The nature of education can be divided into four groups. They are: formal, non-formal and informal; general and specific; direct and indirect; and individual and collective. These educations†¦show more content†¦Emile Durkheim analyzed it from functional perspective. It means education has been used to continue the social structure or hierarchies in the society. Or it is the language of the ruler to teach his subjects. Moreover, education has also been taken as to liberate society. It makes people aware about society and his rights. So the people feel liberated by getting education. J. J. Rousseau was the founder of such liberal movement of education. On the other hand, feminists took it as the vehicle to continue male domination in society. They think that education is lopsided and it only supports the norms of patriarchy and suppressed women. Simon de Beauvoir is a famous feminist who have popularized the movement w ith the publication of her book ‘The Second Sex.’ Similarly, social democratic perspective takes education as the factor of implementing democratic rule in the society. They are nearby the liberalists. They think that education can implant knowledge of democracy in any society so people can feel liberated. Likewise, some scholars take the purpose of education from conflict perspective. Karl Marx was the founder of such movement. They take education as a seed of conflict because it makes people aware about their rights. Finally, Interactionist, George H. Mead, focused education as a phenomenon of doing interaction among people. It teaches different cultures of different people and they are being interacted with the help ofShow MoreRelatedPhilosophy of Physical Education1219 Words   |  5 PagesEach and every person has a different view of what physical education really is. â€Å"Is it education in sport?† asks Siedentop â€Å"Is it fitness education? Is it social development? Is it development through risk and adventure? Is it movement? Instead,† he says, â€Å"it is all of these things – and maybe more?† (1998, p.237). 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M embers of the community identified as having the highest suicide attempts and deaths are between the ages 10-24 and 45-64 (American Foundation for Suicide Prevention 2015). Also, out of these attempts and deaths, white men compose approximately seventy percent of those numbers across America (Amer. Foundation for Suicide Preven. 2015; NC Dept. of Health and Human Services 2012, 2013); this rate disproportionately places white men at a higher risk within their gender andRead MoreThe Sociological Effects of Residential Schools Essay969 Words   |  4 PagesChristianised and assimilated into the mainstream Canadian culture. (CBC, 2014) In the film Education as We See It, some Aboriginals were interviewed about their own experiences in residential schools. When examining the general topic of the film, conflict theory is the best paradigm that will assist in understanding the social implications of residential schools. 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Leading Business Players In The Singapore -Myassignmetyhelp.Com

Question: Discuss About the Leading Business Players in Singapore? Answer: Introduction Imob Company is one of the leading business players in Singapore. The company is looking forward to extending its operations into India. The company has decided to prepare, equip and deploy ten members into the new subsidiary. India has a different culture in comparison with Singapore (see appendix 9.4). These cultural differences cover various aspects such as religion, gender, languages, diets, sports, and leisure activities among many others (Petrakis, 2014). Therefore, this means that the company must embrace appropriate strategies for the success of this endeavor. Organization Design and Structure Singapore and India have different national cultures. Deploying staff to India requires putting the appropriate measures in place for the success of the plan. The national culture of a given country can be best explained using Hofstedes cultural dimensions approach. Hofstede conducted a research and came up with a theory to account for the culture of nations. According to him, there are six basic dimensions of the national culture. These are power distance, masculinity and femininity, collectivization and individualization, uncertainty and long-term orientation (Smith, 2008). Thus, Imob must analyze these cultural dimensions India as compared to Singapore and ensure they appropriate strategies are laid down for each. See the attached cultural comparison in appendix 9.3. Regarding the cultural, organizational structure, they are two main types. These are mechanistic and organic structures. In mechanistic structure, there is centralization in the business environment, and thus authority hierarchies exist. Each employee is assigned a specific task and reports to a senior person on top of them (Rong Allen, 2009). There is formalization where the decisions are made basing on the rules and procedures that are laid in place. The system is bureaucratic and usually, applies in a stable and certain environment. On the other hand, organic structure operates in the opposite way of the mechanistic. The organic system is characterized by a rapid lateral communication within the organizational structure. It has a decentralized form of authority (Fischer, 2009). Therefore, the organic system has less bureaucracy and is usually applied in unstable complex business environments. Singapore as a country has adopted a mechanistic type of structure. Normally, their people have job descriptions defining their roles and duties, and a lot of emphases is put on this. People hierarchically report on a higher authority above them thus the system is formal and there is power centralization on the senior employees in the organization, a significant characteristic of a mechanistic structure (Peng, 2011). Work environments in Singapore are also characterized by established rules, regulations and procedures that guide people on what they should do thus mechanistic. Besides, Singapore also has masculinity values, for example, they set strategic goals and aims to achieve them. All these aspects brings out that Singapore has a mechanistic organizational structure (Coelho, 2011). In comparison to Singapore, India also applies a mechanistic type of organizational structure. The Indians employees are also characterized by job descriptions highlighting their roles and responsibilities in the work environment. They also have some established procedures in place for guidance at the workplace, and powers are centralized to senior people in authority. However, Indians have a few aspects in their mechanistic structure that are different from those of Singapore (Dowling et al., 2008). For example, India has lower values for the control of children. They are more focused on the self-interests and achieving their own individual goals, unlike the communal goals. Therefore, deployment of employees to the subsidiary of Imob in India is likely to be successful because the cultures are almost similar. Job design Given the fact that the subsidiary of Imob Company is going to operate in the mechanistic culture system, there is a need for job plans. Every job position in the branch should have a job description with its roles and responsibilities drawn in place. In designing the job descriptions, it is important for the human resource to ensure that there is an alignment of the job with technology. Besides, the company should put in place the procedures that will be followed in the subsidiary such as the reporting structure. Therefore, a good job design practice is likely to increase the productivity of the employees in the organization giving it a greater competitive advantage(See sample job design at Appendix 9.5). Staffing Process Strategy Various staffing plans are available for international HRM. These are home-country national, host-country national and third-country national. Imob can choose to adopt one of these available staffing plans. For example, in the home-country national approach, the staff will be picked recruited from those already working for Imob. The approach has many advantages regarding control, improving their experience and building their morale. However, there is a likelihood of the shortcomings of the approach especially regarding adapting to the environment, cultural effects, language, and costs. Staffing process strategy entails various key aspects which facilitate the success of the process such as selection, recruitment, and training (Harvey et al., 2011). Imob Company should put in place strategies that are likely to impact the staffing endeavor positively. When using host country national approach, the company will recruit people from India who are aware of the existing cultures in the country through the host-country national strategy. On the other side, for the countries of national origin approach, the company should give chances to the internal staff for selection to the oversea subsidiary. Firstly, Imob should communicate and invite qualified applicants to express their interest for the job. After receiving the applications, the human resource should proceed to the next stages of selection and recruitment (Collings et al., 2007). Recruitment Recruitment process should be conducted carefully to attract the desirable skills for the job. It is important for Imob to incorporate both internal and external recruiting. Internal recruiting is important since it will give a chance to the internal staff to be able to receive priority and get opportunities to the new job thus motivating them. This can be done through advertising on the company intranet for internal recruitment. The approach has many advantages regarding control, improving their experience and building their morale (Csizmar, 2008). However, there is the likelihood of the shortcomings of the approach especially regarding adapting to the environment, cultural effects, language, and costs. External recruitment is also good in some cases where the internal recruiting seems insufficient. It gives the broad range of opportunities to get any desired skills in a market without any limit (Srivastava Shailesh, 2008). Imob can apply external recruitment by advertising the available opportunities to the public through media channels and also their company website. Therefore, external recruitment will give a larger pool of skills and qualification for the job (Angelo Ricky, 2009. Selection Selection is a critical aspect in the process of staffing since it helps in the right people for the available job. It presents an opportunity to filter those with the proper attitude, skills, and qualifications to undertake the responsibilities of the company. After receiving the applications from interested people, Imob should proceed to the next level of choosing those who seem more appropriate for the job. The company should go for those who meet the minimum criteria for the job. It is also important for Imob to conduct the selection exercise within India to cut down on the costs. Selection process will include various aspects such as interviews and background checks. Firstly, Imob will conduct interviews for those for few people who meet the initial minimum requirements for the jobs. This is done by inviting those who qualify the few selected people for the interviews. Invitations for the interview can be made best by communicating to those who seem suitable for the face-to-face interview after their application. This can be done through the emails and telephone among others. They should be invited for the exercise to present the opportunity to choose the best skills for the job, best cognitive expertise and those who can best suit for the existing organizational culture. The human resource should equip itself with a detailed checklist of all these skills and then mark for each of them to select the best available skills. It is also important for the organization to conduct background checks for the candidates. The company should get sufficient background information about all the candidates and then select those with the best suiting background characteristics. This step is important and will ensure that Imob only gets the best staff for the India exercise (Csizmar, 2008). Training and Development Process Training is one of the primary roles of the human resource. Employees need to be thought about what they are going to do their jobs. Training is necessary to help prepare employees to take up new responsibilities or even realize what where they failed in the past in cases where are going to take up similar job roles. This applies to both the expatriates from the home country or host country (Brown Warren, 2009). Therefore, training is likely to help increase the productivity of the employees in their new job positions thus increasing the general profitability of the business organization. See the attached employee background in appendix 9.1. Besides training on the job roles, it is also important that the human resource educates the expatriates about the intercultural issues. There should be a good plan regarding the cross-cultural training to ensure that all the employees are protected from the effects of intercultural change. They should be briefed about the cultural differences that exist between Singapore and India. Such type of training helps to equip them both emotionally and also assist them to acclimatize to the environment of the host country (Cheng Hampson, 2008). Most employees who move from one country to the other usually face challenges related to their emotions, culture acceptance, adapting to the skills, language problems, and leadership among others. The human resource should be careful to ensure that the training thoroughly covers all these aspects that affect the employees (Bhatti Kaur, 2009. Failure to the proper training program is likely to make the change impact negatively the expatriates thus lowering their productivity. Therefore, the human resource should be careful to train people so that they can move on happily, with confidence and no stress thus becoming more productive (Steers et al., 2010). Remuneration Remuneration is an aspect of the human resource that cannot be ignored. The company should formulate the appropriate compensation terms and conditions that are fair both to the worker and the organization. Inappropriate remuneration package is likely to discourage the employee's morale of working if it is too low while it can also be a loss to the company if it is too high compared to the task being undertaken. The employee should willingly sign the terms and conditions agreement after understanding them (SUFF, 2010). Therefore, appropriate pay is likely to motivate the employees thus they will be able to deliver their best. The remuneration balance sheet approach is attached at appendix 9.2. Imob Company should formulate a compensation package that has the basic amount, allowances, and the other benefits. Regarding cash, the company should consider the employee's basic salary and the assignment premiums. The compensation module will consist of the housing allowance, hardship allowance, living cost allowance among many others (Armstrong, 2009). The employee should also enjoy some benefits such as life insurance and medical coverage. These remuneration plans are important in making the expatriates more comfortable and thus able to concentrate and give the best for the company. Therefore, the human resource should evenly distribute this remuneration plan depending on the job positions that they are holding (PuniaPriyanka, 2008). Conclusion In conclusion, the international human resource has got a lot of tasks of managing people in an international context. There are various aspects that the human resource must consider especially if it is operating in a global context. There are differences between the two countries of operation, especially regarding their culture. The culture of a given country is best analyzed using the Hofstede's cultural dimension which provides an excellent analysis of important aspects of culture that the human resource must consider when going internationally. Failure to find culture by an international company is likely to lead to failure in the staffing process of the organization. Besides, it is also important to note that the human resource is expected to make a job design with their description of the roles and responsibilities that are expected for every expatriate in the subsidiary. The human resource must take appropriate staffing strategy that is likely to be more productive yet cost efficient. Recruitment and selection should be done carefully to ensure that the company gets all the required skills for the better performance of the business organization. Also, the human resource should give the appropriate training to people and also remunerate them properly to increase their motivation to work. Therefore, this is likely to increase their productivity which in turn gives the organization a competitive advantage. References Angelo, S. Ricky, G. (2009). Human Resources Management, Biztantra Publication, New Delhi 2nd edition. Armstrong, M (2009). Handbook of HRM practice, Kogan Page, London, and Philadelphia. Bhatti, M. and Kaur, S. (2009).The Role of Individual and Training Design Factors on Training Transfer.Journal of European Industrial Training.34 (7), 656-672. Brown, T., andWarren, A. (2009). Distal Goal and Proximal Goal Transfer of Training Interventions in an Executive Education Program.Human Resource Development Quarterly.20, (3), 265-284. Cheng, E. and Hampson,I. (2008).Transfer of Training: A Review and New Insights.International Journal of Management Reviews.10 (4),327-341. Coelho, D. A. (2011).A study on the relation between manufacturing strategy, company size, country culture and product and process innovation in Europe. International Journal of Business and Globalisation, 7(2), 152-165. Collings, G., Scullion, H. and Morley, J. (2007). Changing patterns of global staffing in the multinational enterprise: Challenges to the conventional expatriate assignment and emerging alternatives. Journal of World Business Csizmar, C. (2008). Does your expatriate program follow the rules of the road? Compensation and Benefits Review, 40(1), 61-69. Dowling J., Festing, M. and Engle, A. (2008). International Human Resource Management, 5 th Ed, South-Western Publishing. Fischer, R. (2009).Where is Culture in Cross-Cultural Researches? An Outline of a Multilevel Research Process for Measuring Culture as a Shared Meaning System. International Journal. Of Cross Cultural Management, 9: 25-48. Harvey, M., Reiche S. and Moeller M. (2011). Developing Effective Global Relationships Through Staffing with Inpatriate Managers: The Role of Interpersonal Trust, Journal of International Management. Peng, M. (2011). "Global Business," 2nd Ed. South-Western Cengage Learning Petrakis, E. (2014). "Culture, Growth and Economic Policy," New York and Heidelberg: Springer, ISBN978-3-642-41439-8, pp. 250. Punia, K. and Priyanka Sharma (2008). Organizational Employee Development Initiatives and their Impact on Retention Intentions: The Case of Indian IT Industry," Amity Business Review, 9.1, 2008, pp. 12-23 Rong and Allen David (2009). Recruiting Across Cultures: A Value Based Model of Recruitment," Human Resource Management Review, No: 19, pp.334-346 Smith, P. (2008).Indigenous Aspects of Management. In P. Smith, Peterson, M., Thomas, D. (Eds.),The Handbook of Cross-Cultural Management Research. Sage, Thousand Oaks CA: Sage, 319-332. Srivastava, K. and Shailesh R. (2008). Employee Retention: By Way of Management Control Systems, ACM Ubiquity, 9.16, pp.22-28 Steers, R., Sanchez-Runder, C. and Nardon, L. (2010). Management across Cultures: Challenges and Strategies. London: Cambridge University Press SUFF, R. (2010). Labour turnover rates and costs: IRS survey 2010. IRS Employment Review. pp. 9

The Privileged Position Of Business Essays - Political Terminology

The Privileged Position Of Business THE PRIVILEGED POSITION OF BUSINESS Hudson first states what he believes to be the central assumption of the Pluralist description of American politics that there is no one dominant group in American Society. He argues that there is a dominant group, business. I agree that the pluralist ideology is wrong and that business is very dominant in our political society. He continues by stating that there are two faces of the political privilege of business. The first involves business actively manipulating the political system to obtain their political objectives. Hudson starts by stating that the first aspect, that of the active manipulating of the political system by business to obtain political objectives, can be divided into three aspects, business predominance in lobbying policy makers, the role of business in financing elections, and messages favorable to business in the media, schools, and universities. I will first discuss his views on the predominance of business in lobbying policy makers. He argues that the pluralist theory is wrong in determining the significance of representativeness of these groups and should instead see the extent to which these groups represent one societal interest that of business. I agree that there are many interest groups but a majority of them are in some way lobbying for business. I also believe that the majority of the people know that this is going on and dont like it and would like to see a change. Next Hudson discusses the businesses role in providing finding for elections. The business that contribute money can expect to be heard by the elected officials they have helped. He states that business dominates lobby groups as well as dominates the universe of campaign contributions. I believe that this gives businesses a huge advantage and also I believe that this is the major reason business predominates over politics in our society. And the more closely you look at this issue the more clearly you see the money these businesses contribute to candidates who are in effect already pro-business then they become even more for business when they know this will in all probability get them re-elected. I definitely agree that this poses a real problem and needs to be dealt with. In addition, business controls citizen access to information through ownership of the media. I agree with this completely. I was surprised to read that most of the mass communication industry is now concentrated in about twenty giant holding companies. The idea that newspapers and television are businesses themselves and project pro-business views is a given. But also other businesses pay for them through advertising. I do agree that this is going on but I am not sure of the effect that it has. Hudson then describes the second face the more subtle of the faces of which most of us fail to think about. This face is the power we give to business to make societies crucial economic decisions. He states that leaving important societal decisions to the market means dividing authority for important social decisions between two sets of rulers and that in any capitalist market system government officials and businessmen rule. Where we can somewhat control our government officials we cant control businessmen. I again agree that this is a problem which needs to be dealt with. But I really had never thought of this before. And I agree that this places business above government in making economic decisions which the public should have a lot more say so in. Lastly, Hudson discusses why business privilege is a threat to democracy. He sets out four ways in which it is a threat. First, is that the full range of political interests in society are not equally represented. I definitely agree that this is a threat because ordinary people even people associated with non-business related interest groups are overlooked because business has more money and therefore more power to persuade politicians. Second, business power restricts the agenda of policy alternatives seriously debated and discussed when public policy is formulated. Third, business power undermines the development of an effective citizenry. And, fourth business privilege results in substantive policies that are contrary to the needs and interest of a majority of Americans. Political Issues

Thanksgiving Quotes for Kids

Thanksgiving Quotes for Kids Thanksgiving Day  is perhaps the best time to talk to your kids about family values and tradition. Kids love to participate in Thanksgiving celebrations, from decorating and helping mash the potatoes, to creating cards and sitting with the family for the feast. These Thanksgiving quotes for kids can help reinforce your value system in a fun, interactive way. You can use them to adorn your Thanksgiving dinner table, plan a treasure hunt, or write each quote on a piece of paper for them to read aloud before dinner. Linda G. Paulsen, Ballad of the MayflowerHey, Ho, Dee-o, Dee-o! The Pilgrims came to Plymouth Rock; Hey, HoSimple people, strudy stock; Hey, HoTo be free they crossed the sea,Thanked the Lord on bended knee; Hey, Ho, Dee-o, Dee-o! CiceroA thankful heart is not only the greatest virtue, but the parent of all the other virtues. William WordsworthAll that we behold is full of blessings. John Fitzgerald KennedyAs we express our gratitude, we must never forget that the highest appreciation is not to utter words, but to live by them. Ralph Waldo EmersonFor flowers that bloom about our feet;For tender grass, so fresh, so sweet;For song of bird, and hum of bee;For all things fair we hear or see,Father in heaven, we thank Thee! Melody BeattieGratitude unlocks the fullness of life. It turns what we have into enough, and more. It turns denial into acceptance, chaos to order, confusion to clarity. It can turn a meal into a feast, a house into a home, a stranger into a friend. Gratitude makes sense of our past, brings peace for today and creates a vision for tomorrow. Frank A. ClarkIf a fellow isnt thankful for what hes got, he isnt likely to be thankful for what hes going to get. Meister EckhartIf the only prayer you said in your whole life was, thank you, that would suffice. Cindy MargolisMy favorite meal is turkey and mashed potatoes. I love Thanksgiving, its just my favorite. I can have Thanksgiving all year round. Courtland MilloyNothing purchased can come close to the renewed sense of gratitude for having family and friends. Bobby JindalOn Thanksgiving I will stop to give thanks that my family is safe and healthy, especially because I realize that, following the tragedies of this year, it is all too real a possibility that they might not have been. Thornton WilderWe can only be said to be alive in those moments when our hearts are conscious of our treasures. Harry A. IronsideWe would worry less if we praised more. Thanksgiving is the enemy of discontent and dissatisfaction. George CanningWhen our perils are past, shall our gratitude sleep? John Greenleaf WhittierAh! On Thanksgiving day...When the care-wearied man seeks his mother once more,And the worn matron smiles where the girl smiled before.What moistens the lips and what brightens the eye?What calls back the past, like the rich pumpkin pie?

Challenges and Opportunities of Emotional Literacy in Primary Essay

Challenges and Opportunities of Emotional Literacy in Primary Education - Essay Example I agree that it is all about helping children get in touch with their emotions, identify them and understand what a significant role they play in their personal growth and development, and teaching them steps to handle those emotions positively.   A major underlying factor to numerous of the problems in contemporary society is ignorance of the crucial role emotions play. Emotional literacy is a constructive preventive mechanism, which accurately understood, can help society in eliminating loads of its problems (Saarni, 1999). Once gained, it provides individuals with an alternative to illness, aggression, substance abuse, unhealthy relationships, and societal conflicts (Elias, Zins, Weissberg and Frey 1997); hence the need for emotional literacy education in early childhood. Understanding the notion of emotional literacy necessitates examining its two component constructs, ‘intelligence’ and ‘emotion’. The cognitive domain comprises such functions as reasoning, human memory, abstract thought, and judgment (Matthews, 2006). Emotions belong to the commonly named affective domain of mental performance, which comprises the emotions themselves, assessments, mood, and other feeling conditions, including energy or exhaustion (Matthews, 2006). Descriptions of emotional literacy should somehow link emotions with intelligence if the definitions of the two concepts are to be sustained (Sharp, 2001). For instance, motivation is personality’s third domain. It denotes ‘learned goal-seeking behavior’ (Matthew, 2006: 13) and biological drives. To the point that it is engaged in emotional literacy, it should be visualized as secondary (Matthew, 2006).  Ã‚  

Marks and speners Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Marks and speners - Essay Example Michael’ brand. The company primarily focused on quality and had lucrative refund policy. It opted for international expansion in the seventh decade of the 20th century. Today, the company has almost 900 stores in more than 40 countries across the globe and is listed in the London Stock Exchange as it forms the integral part of the FTSE 100 (Marks and Spencer, n.d.). The Marks and Spencer initiated five year long planning in the January of 2007 to address the environmental and social issues. The company named it ‘Plan A’. It was so because the company wanted to make it stake holders believe that there is no such second plan. The plan primarily focuses upon five themes namely waste management, fair partnership, health of the employees, change in climate and sustainable raw materials (BBC, 2007). The primary ‘Plan A’ that was drawn in the year of 2007 aimed to make the company carbon neutral by the year of 2012. Also, Plan A said that the retail chain would not send any waste for filling the land and would use sustainable sourcing by the end of 2012. The second phase of Plan A was drawn in the year of 2010. The second phase predominantly aimed to make Marks and Spencer; the most sustainable retail chain by the end of 2015. Also, it expects that the company would have 3 million customers who could be getting involved within the periphery of Plan A by 2020 (Marks and Spencer, n.d.). The core business of the Marks and Spencer has been that of womenswear, menswear, lingerie, food and home. The total revenue of Marks and Spencer for the financial year of 2008 – 2009 and 2007 – 2008 has been almost same, the first one exceeding the later by  £ 40 million. But the profitability of the company has taken a major hit in the year of 2008- 2009. According to the latest annual report of Marks and Spencer, it can be observed that the profit in the financial year of 2008 – 2009 has been  £ 506.8 million while the same was  £ 821

Effective Project Communication Management Essay Example for Free

Effective Project Communication Management Essay Different communication methods are used within the business environment in order to ensure that the business runs as smoothly and effectively as possible. By doing so, this means that no misinterpretations or misunderstandings are made and therefore all information is both passed and received correctly. Different examples of communication used within a business environment can vary from phone calls, emails and face to face meetings. Depending on the situation and case you’re dealing with depends on what form of communication you would use as you want to use the one that is the most effective for what you’re doing. For example, if you want something in which you gain the most information from and get a feel for what you’re dealing with then a face to face meeting will probably be the most effective. Whereas if you just want to send something quick and easy then an email is probably more appropriate to use. When considering requirements for different audiences you have to take into consideration different things that might mean you have to vary how you go about things. For example, age, gender, and any disabilities may all be factors that you have to cater around. If you have a group of people who you’re wanting to do some sort of activity with and someone within the group is in a wheelchair then you have to make sure that they are also able to take part too and that you make any adjustments if needed to do so. Just like if you have someone who is partially/ fully death then getting a translator in so that they can understand too is necessary to make sure all information is collected efficiently by everyone there. Grammar. Grammar is what makes a sentence make sense. It’s the way that sentences are constructed. Without correct grammar, sentences can easily be misunderstood. By using correct grammar in a business environment means that you’re communicating more effectively and therefore acts as a time management skill as it lessens any confusion. Sentence structure. It is key to use sentence structures in the business environment. This ensures your messages are broken down clearly and aren’t all one big message with no punctuation or break down etc. By doing so helps emphasize any points being made and also means that communications are correctly interpreted. Punctuation. Punctuation breaks down texts into sentences, phrases, clauses and so on. It’s important that it’s used in a business environment because it helps stop any confusion arising or misunderstanding of the message that is supposed to be given. This is because lack of or incorrect punctuation can give a sentence a completely different meaning. For example, â€Å"Let’s eat Faye† as opposed to â€Å"let’s eat, Faye†. That’s why, in order to communicate effectively, it is important to ensure you use correct punctuation where needed. Spelling. When it comes to spelling and business communications, again, it is key to make sure everything is spelled correctly. Just like the rest, incorrect spelling leads to a misunderstanding of what is trying to be said as one misspelled word can change the entire meaning of a message. Conventions. Conventions make writing more understandable as its broken down into paragraphs with correct grammar, spelling etc. This makes communications in a business easier as it means that the message can be fluently read rather than having to be broken down in order to be able to understand it properly. Correct grammar is important when being used in business documents, such as emails, as it forms a professional relationship between both colleagues and customers. A massive part of communicating involves face to face meetings and therefore means the way that you put yourself across with, not only your tone of voice, but also body language is extremely important. This meaning that when dealing with sensitive cases, the tone of voice you use and body language you express should be taken into consideration greatly. You should make sure that you’re empathetic and that you consider the words in which you emphasize when trying to draw the listener’s attention. It is important to make sure you make a conscious effort to control your body language and tone of voice when speaking because body language portrays subconscious messages when communicating and can sometimes mislay the wrong impression. Examples of good body language would be making sure you make sufficient amount of eye contact, correct gestures if necessary and making sure facial expressions are appropriate. As for the tone of voice, a lot of the time people don’t remem ber what we say as such but more how we say it and that’s why using the correct tone of voice is important within the business environment to stop any misinterpretations.

Race and Political Power in the Pre-Civil War Period Essay -- Essays o

Race and Political Power in the Pre-Civil War Period How did race translate itself into political power during this period, and how did Blacks attempt to combat that power. Racism has been the most provocative topic in American history; it has seemed to transcend other struggles, and fester its way into almost every facet of American culture. It has grown like weeds in an unattended garden in to the ideology of America. Politicians use it as a tool for reelection, corporations use it as a way to exploit, and the media uses it as a way to control. But the underlying question is where did it come from, how did it translate itself into political power, and how and what did African Americans do to combat that power. Many of the answers to these questions lie in the pre civil war area also known as the antebellum period. During the early 17th century a powerful farmer by the name of Nathaniel Bacon tried to use African Americans to conquer surrounding tribes and take their lands for indentured servants who had served their time and wanted land. Bacon added blacks to his corps of whites only after he found out he had to fight William Berkley the colonial governor. Berkley thought that arming the Jamestown rubble was too dangerous to be allowed. After Bacons death the Virginia government reacted to the spectacle of interracial servant solidarity by slowly eliminating white servitude and expanding the then new institution of black chattel slavery. By doing this he could guarantee a permanent labor force and win the support of his constituents. Because of efforts like that of Governor Berkley, Virginia had become the primary site for the development of black slavery in the Americas. By the 1650s some of the indentured servants had earned their freedom. Because replacements, whether black or white, were in limited supply and more costly, the Virginia plantation owners considered the advantages of the perpetual servitude policy exercised by Caribbean landowners. Following the lead of Massachusetts and Connecticut, Virginia legalized slavery in 1661. In 1672 the king of England chartered the Royal African Company to bring the shiploads of slaves int o trading centers like Jamestown, Hampton, and Yorktown. Slavery spread quickly in the American colonies. At first the legal status of Africans in America was poorly defined, and some, like European indentured servants,... ...ed afterward may have reached 100. But the rebellion lasted less than two days and was easily suppressed by local residents. Like other slave uprisings in the United States, it caused enormous fear among the whites, but it did not seriously threaten the institution of slavery. Less organized resistance was both more widespread and more successful. This included silent sabotage, or foot-dragging, by slaves, who pretended to be sick, feigned difficulty understanding instructions, and "accidentally" misused tools and animals. It also included small-scale resistance by individuals who fought back physically, at times successfully, against what they regarded as unjust treatment. The most common form of resistance, however, was flight. About 1000 slaves per year escaped to the North during the pre-Civil War decades, most from the upper South. This represented only a small percentage of those who attempted to escape, however, since for every slave who made it to freedom, several more tried. Other fugitives remained within the South, heading for cities or swamps, or hiding out near their plantations for days or weeks before either returning voluntarily or being tracked down and captured.

The Chi Square Test Health And Social Care Essay

1.a. The statistical trial that would be run to look into whether the difference in attending rates between the different classs of patients was statistically important is the Chi-square trial. Chi-square is appropriate because it assumes the homogeneousness of informations distribution between categorical variables, and where differences in such distributions arise, it tests the significance. Chi-square assumes that variables are independent ( its nothing hypothesis ) , and that informations are indiscriminately collated instead than being assigned from a fixed population as in this instance. The appreciably big sample size is besides a warrant for the truth of Chi-square trial. 1.b. At the clip of directing the invitations, the GPs had expected equal figure of patients to go to for each of the classs, therefore taking to the void hypothesis ( premise of independency ) that there is no important difference in the rate of attending for each of the groups represented in the survey. However, the observations were tested between the 2678 invited patients, who were grouped based on their Sexual activity ( Males and Females ) , Age ( 35-44 old ages, 45-54 old ages, and 55-64 old ages ) , Smoking position ( Smokers and Non-smokers ) , Body weight ( Obesed and Not obesed ) , and Diet Scores ( 1,2,3, and 4 for Best, Good, Bad, Worst scores severally ) . The consequences are shown on the affiliated PASW end product ( Tables 1.1-1.5, and Fig. 1.1-1.5 ) . Table 1.1a shows the crosstabulation end product of the attending in males and females. Harmonizing to the tabular array, males ( 987 ) were less likely to go to than females ( 1218 ) , and were every bit good more likely non to go to ( 262 ) , than the females ( 211 ) . Chi-square trial ( Table 1.1b ) confirm that there is a important ( X2=17.68, df=1, Fisher ‘s P & A ; lt ; 0.05 ) . In Table 1.2a, attending tend to change between the age groups in the order of 812, 732, and 661 for those with 35-44, 45-54, and 55-64 old ages groups. However, there is no association ( X2=2.074, df=2, P & A ; gt ; 0.05 ) between such variableness in attending to the age differences. Table 1.3a-b shows the response of tobacco users and non-smokers to invitation. More non-smokers ( 1583 ) than expected were in attending, while lesser figure of tobacco users ( 622 ) attended. On the other manus, more tobacco users ( 208 ) were likely non to go to than non-smokers ( 265 ) , giving the standardized residuary value of 5.1 and -3.4 severally. A significantly higher ( X2=45.263, df=1, P & A ; lt ; 0.05 ) attending rate was observed for the non-smokers compared the tobacco users. This is consequence is besides supported by really high likeliness and linear-by-linear association as shown in Table 1.3b. Table 1.4a-b is the crosstabulation of the association of attending with organic structure weight. The consequence shows that organic structure weight determined that rate of attending of the patients. Therefore, the obesed patients were less ( X2=10.2, df=1, P & A ; lt ; 0.05 ) probably to go to ( 197 ) compared with the ‘not obesed ‘ patients ( 2008 ) . Table 1.5a-b compared the attending rate of patients holding different dietetic tonss. The result revealed a likeliness of attending in the order of 1 ( 632 ) & A ; gt ; 3 ( 564 ) & A ; gt ; 2 ( 541 ) , and 4 ( 468 ) . This order of attending by patients of different dietetic mark was found to be important ( X2=38.259, df=3, P & A ; lt ; 0.05 ) . 1.c. Sexual activity, smoking position, organic structure weight and diet mark affect the rate of attending of patients in response to invitation by GPs in Manchester. Thus, on the footing of sex, more females are likely to react to an invitation than males. Besides, more non-smokers and ‘not obesed ‘ are likely to go to than tobacco users and obesed severally. On the footing of diet tonss, patients with diet mark of 1 were more likely to go to than those of mark 3, who were every bit good more likely to go to than those on 2. the latter group are more likely to go to than those on 4. A critical expression of the result of this survey could uncover some implicit in grounds for the important consequences. It could be that males, tobacco users, and obesed were afraid of returning to the infirmary as they think a wellness cheque could uncover some upseting medical conditions or that they were non satisfied with the quality of wellness attention services they had received. For those who attended, it might be that they are funny about cognizing to what extent their conditions would hold improved. The ascertained differences in the rates of attending between the age groups were statistically non important. This is to state that the GPs expected the figure of patients who attended for each age group to go to, while besides being cognizant that the figure of patients who did non go to, would besides non hold attended. Therefore, whether or non patients responded to the invitation is independent ( non influenced ) by their age groups. In drumhead, these findings could pave manner for farther probes into unknoting some of the grounds why those who attended did so and frailty versa. 1.d. My reading of the informations will be that the void hypothesis ( premise of independency ) merely holds true if the age groups of the patients is to be considered when ask foring them, otherwise, the rate of attending or response to invitation is mostly associated with the sex, smoking position, organic structure weight, and diet mark of the patients. 1.e. The consequence of this survey will assist the GPs in Manchester in planning ; given them an penetration on which of the classs of the patient ‘s population that should have more attending during subsequent invitations. For case, since the patient ‘s response to invitation is independent on the age groups, the GPs may make up one's mind non to see that class in subsequent invitation since there is non likely to do any difference. On the other manus, if an invitation is to be sent based on their sex, organic structure weight, smoke, and diet mark differences, the GPs would hold to take excess steps, including reexamining their services and stepping up enlightenment, if they are to guarantee that every bit many as are invited would go to.ANSWER TO QUESTION 2One-way analysis of discrepancy ( ANOVA ) will be most suited for finding whether increased nanotube concentration causes increased tensile strength, This is because, ANOVA tests for the grade of variableness between the mean of quantitative informations ( herein represented by the Tensile strength ) that were independently and indiscriminately sampled from group variables ( samples treated with 5 % , 10 % , 15 % , and 20 % nanotube concentrations ) . The premise is that there is homogeneousness of discrepancies and that increasing nanotube concentration does non ( void hypothesis ) have any consequence on tensile strength. Some steps ( see attached PASW Output Tables 2.1-2 ) have been taken to guarantee that these informations do conform with the premises of ANOVA, hence its suitableness. Normality: appraisal of the symmetricalness ( lopsidedness ) and its bunch around the mean ( kurtosis ) was done foremost by utilizing the values in the descriptive end product. As a regulation of the pollex, divergence from normalcy can be assumed if the lopsidedness is by far larger than its standard mistake. Here both of the lopsidedness ( -0.223 ) and kurtosis ( -0.476 ) , though negative, are good near to zero and rather smaller than their standard mistake of 0.472 and 0.918 severally. Kolmogorov-Smirnov and Shapiro-Wilk trials ( Table 2.3 ) both uphold the premise that the informations are usually distributed, and are supported by the mentality of the histogram, Normal Q-Q secret plans, and box secret plans. The premise of homogeneousness of the discrepancies was every bit good confirmed utilizing the Levene statistics, which accepts the void hypothesis that the discrepancies are equal ( P & A ; gt ; 0.05 ) . Looking at the standard divergence and standard mistake for the several group, it could be seen that there is an overall lessening of fluctuation in tensile strength as the nanotube concentration increased. This is besides supported by the mean secret plan ( Fig. 2.4 ) . Finally, to look into farther for this suggested influence ( see Fig. 2.4 ) , the F-test on the ANOVA tabular array is used. The consequence shows that there is a important ( P & A ; lt ; 0.05 ) difference between the mean tensile strength of the different samples treated at different nanotube concentrations. This implies that the obtained F-test is higher than the critical value in F-distribution tabular array Because ANOVA can merely place differences in sample mean between groups without foregrounding where precisely the differences lie, it is imperative that the Post-hoc trial ( e.g. Least important difference as in this survey ) be used to observe which of the group means differ. The Post-hoc LSD was discretionarily chosen and it revealed that though the average difference between samples treated with 10 % and 15 % nanotube concentrations were non important ( P & A ; gt ; 005 ) , other group means differed ( P & A ; lt ; 0.05 ) between each other and even with 10 % and 15 % samples. Decision: Increasing nanotube concentration gives a important addition in tensile strength.ANSWER TO QUESTION 3The hypothesis tested here is that the drug Captopril has a important consequence ( may be higher or lower ) on the systolic and diastolic force per unit area in the reasonably hypertensive topics. The corresponding void hypothesis is that Captopril does non hold any consequence on the systolic or diastolic blood force per unit area degree. Therefore, the void hypothesis suggests that the average difference of the ‘before ‘ and ‘after ‘ intervention systolic and diastolic blood force per unit area will be severally zero. The ideal statistical method here is paired T-test. Paired T-test enables the comparing of differences ( if any ) in population agencies of observations made for each instance both before and after they are being subjected to a trial. The trial aims to understate, and if possible eliminate external mistakes or interventions that could take to false positive ( type I error ) or false negative ( type II mistake ) consequences.PremisesIndependence: This survey involves two wholly separate groups ( systolic and diastolic blood force per unit area group ) . It is worthy to foreground that both groups are non in any manner related to each other, therefore alterations in any one of them is non expected to act upon the other. Besides, the premise of independency is supported by the fact that there is no interaction between the before and after agencies as the latter is merely expected to be due to the consequence of the drug. Normal distribution: Premise of normal distribution and equal discrepancy is confirmed in the descriptive statistics, every bit good as the box secret plans. All instances of ‘before ‘ and ‘after ‘ intervention for the two classs, have really little lopsidedness and kurtosis, with the latter falling a spot outside -1 for the ‘before ‘ systolic diastolic ( see Table 3.1 ) . However, the Normal Q-Q secret plans for each of the instance shows some normal distribution, which is besides supported by the box secret plans. The two outliers on the opposite sides of the ‘after -treatment ‘ diastolic blood force per unit area has been ignored, giving that the lopsidedness ( 0.191 ) and kurtosis ( -0.341 ) are within acceptable scopes ( See Table 3.2 ) , and that Kolmogorov-Smirnov and Shapiro-Wilk are both continuing that the instances in the before and after groups are usually distributed. It is worthy to advert that attending is non given to pr ove for homogeneousness of discrepancy as Paired t-test is non really rigorous on equality and non-equality of discrepancies.Testing for the consequence of Capoten on blood force per unit areasThe result of trial is attached as PASW end product ( Tables 3.4-3.6 ) . Table 3.4 displays the mean, standard divergence, and standard mistake for each of the classs. Ocular analysis shows that intervention with Capoten caused a bead in systolic blood force per unit area to 158.20+20 mmHg from 176.93+20.57 mmHg, while diastolic blood force per unit area besides reduced to 103.07+12.55 mmHg from 112.33+10.47 mmHg. However, it remains unknown, if this bead is statistically meaningful or non. The mated sample trial ( Table 3.5 ) shows that non merely did the systolic and diastolic force per unit areas bead by 18.93 mmHg, and 9.26 mmHg severally, the autumn was really important ( P & A ; lt ; 0.05 ) . It besides shows that merely a standard divergence of up to 9.02 mmHg and 8.61 mmHg, every bit good as the assurance intervals of 13.93-23.93 mmHg and 4.5-14.04 mmHg for the average difference in systolic and diastolic severally. It is merely within this limits that subsequent trial consequences to be assumed to be accurate. Finally, a correlativity ( see Table 3.6 ) of the mated agencies revealed an about absolutely consistent and unvarying autumn in both systolic ( r=0.901, P & A ; lt ; 0.05 ) and diastolic ( r=0.734, P & A ; lt ; 0.05 ) blood force per unit area, after the topics were treated with Capoten. Decision: The consequence of this survey solidly rejects the void hypothesis ( statement of no consequence ) , and accepts the alternate hypothesis which states that Capoten affects blood force per unit area. In these braces, the consequence is a important decrease in systolic and diastolic blood force per unit area after disposal of Capoten.ANSWER TO QUESTION 4Having noted the qualitative variable ( sexual activity ) that should move as an account for response variable ( longevity/lifespan ) , a one-way ANOVA was used to research the extent of association between the two variables. Sexual activity was used to group the males ( n=125 ) into 25 per group of those life: entirely 1 receptive female ( RF ) 8 receptive females 1 non-receptive female ( NRF ) 8 non-receptive females.a, vitamin D, and vitamin E are controls.Normality of length of service distribution was assumed, given the visual aspect of the histogram, and supported by the lopsidedness and kurtosis as shown in Table 4a. II. Levene trial for homogeneousness of discrepancies confirmed the premise of equal discrepancy. The consequence from ANOVA shows that there is important difference ( p & A ; lt ; 0.05 ) in the average length of service of the males as grouped. The mean secret plan shows a diminution in the lifetime of males who live with either 1 or 8 receptive females. Therefore, a multiple comparing was made to happen out whether the ascertained diminution was important. The result revealed that the lifetime of the controls ( 63.56, 64.80, and 63.36 yearss for males populating entirely, with 1 NRF, and 8 NRF severally ) , were significantly higher ( p & A ; lt ; 0.05 ) than that of those populating with either 1 ( 56.76 yearss ) or 8 ( 38.72 yearss ) receptive females. There was besides an ascertained difference ( p & A ; lt ; 0.05 ) between the length of service of males populating with 1 receptor and those populating with 8 receptors. The findings in this survey suggest that the sexual activities of male fruitflies has impact on their length of service, such that the more receptive females they live with, the lesser their lifetime. 4b. To hold a broader position of whether sleep and/or organic structure size have impacts on lifetime, multiple linear ( enter ) arrested development was used. Normality of the distribution was confirmed utilizing histogram and Normal P-P secret plans of Regression Standardized residuary, while the spread secret plan showed that the distribution is random. Furthermore, matrix spread diagram appears to propose a additive association, particularly with length of thorax ) implying that a additive relationship exist between any of the variables and length of service. The theoretical account has a singular correlativity ( R=0.638 ) with a little criterion mistake of estimation ( 13.641 ) , and the F ( 41.787 ) for the arrested development is important ( p & A ; lt ; 0.05 ) , therefore corroborating that the theoretical account is tolerably additive. The coefficient of correlativity shows that there is important correlativity ( r=0.636, P & A ; lt ; 0.01 between the lifetime and length of thorax, while no important correlativity exist between lifetimes and yearss spent kiping. In decision, lessening in length of service is associated with addition in the figure of receptive female life with a male fruitfly. On the other manus, length of service of male fruitflies increases with an addition in their thorax length, but is non affected by the figure of yearss they spend kiping.

Descriptive Essay - Original Writing - 1313 Words

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